This is the longest Surah of the Qur'an.  It has 286 verses divided in 40 sections. This Surah was revealed in Madinah. The Surah deals with a number of issues related to beliefs, history, law and morality.

Surah Al-Fatihah ended with the prayer “Guide us to the Right Way.” So this Surah begins with the answer to that prayer – that this is the guidance that you have asked for and that it is Allah who revealed this book (the Qur'an) for the guidance of those who are conscious of Allah. Only those who seek guidance can benefit from the guidance of this Book. 

There are three types of human beings:
1) Those who believe in the unseen realities, perform prayers, give part of their wealth in charity, believe in what is revealed in this scripture and what was revealed before to other prophets and messengers of Allah.  These are the true believers.  They shall benefit from this book and they shall be eternally successful.
2) Second group consists of those who have decided to reject Allah's message.  They are the Kafirs.  Since they have made up their minds to reject Islam, no preaching will help them.  Allah will punish them on the day of Judgment because of their rejection.
3) Third is the group of people who say that they have believed, but actually they have not believed.  They try to be on both sides: sometimes at the side of faith and sometimes at the side of unfaith.  They are the hypocrites.  They may think that in this way they will gain both sides, but in reality they are also the losers.

All people are invited to worship Allah and to become His true servants.  Allah created all people and He made the earth and heaven for their benefit and produced sustenance for them.  The problem comes when people deny their Creator, break the relations that Allah told them to keep, follow the wrong ways in life and make mischief in the land.

The story of the creation of human beings is told.  Allah created Adam.  He gave him knowledge, asked angels to bow to him and gave him and his wife the garden of bliss to reside and enjoy its fruits.  He told them to eat whatever they wished, but not to approach one tree.  But Satan caused Adam to lose paradise.  Allah sent Adam and his wife to earth and told them that they must remember the lesson that they learned in Paradise: They need God's guidance. Satan is their biggest enemy.  Those who will obey Allah on this earth will return to Paradise, but those who will obey Satan may end up in hell.

Allah's covenant with the children of Israel is mentioned.  It is mentioned that those who receive Allah's covenant they must live by it. Allah blessed those who fulfill their promise with Him. Prophet Ibrahim's prayer, the Ka'bah's importance and the coming of Prophet Muhammad is also mentioned.  The command to change the direction of prayer from Jerusalem to the Ka'bah to emphasize the final covenant of Allah with Prophet Muhammad and his followers is given here. The Surah also speaks about basic beliefs, acts of worship, economic dealings, moral and manners.  The rules of marriage, divorce and 'iddah are mentioned.  The Surah has discussed many subjects, broken down in the 40 sections, as follows:

Introduction to the Sections:

• The Book of Guidance for those who want to be righteous. The difference between the believers and the non-believers.
• The hypocrites: their sickness, mischief and self-deception.
• Mankind, worship Allah alone. Make no partners in Allah's divinity. The challenge of the Qur’an. This Book will guide many but many will remain in error. The character of those who shall remain in error.
• The story of the creation of Adam. Allah’s plan and promise to send His guidance from time to time through His prophets.
• Address to Bani Israel to accept this message. Allah’s covenant must be fulfilled.
• Warnings to those stray from the covenant of God. How some from among the Children of Israel turned away from God’s teachings.
• God’s blessings on the Children of Israel and their transgressions.
• The real recipients of Divine salvation. The hesitation of Bani Israel in sacrificing the cow.
• Some perversions of those who were supposed to follow law of God.
• Basic principles of God’s Covenant with the Children of Israel.
• Some of them were arrogant to follow the teachings of their prophets, some rejected the prophets or tried to kill them, some worshipped the calf, disobeyed God’s commands and became too greedy for the life of this world.
• Opposition and enmity towards the Prophets, following devils & magic
• Reminders to the Believers to follow these examples. Stay firm on your principles.  Some among the People of the Book will try to mislead you with false claims and assertions.
• The true guidance of Allah is here. Read the Book of Allah & follow it.
• The great example of Prophet Ibrahim – peace be upon him. He and his son built the Ka’bah and prayed for a Prophet to come.
• Prophet Ibrahim – peace be upon him - submitted to Allah and this is the message that he and his sons gave to their progeny. 
• The change of Qiblah and the response of the hypocrites and fools.  Those who have knowledge know that this is the true Qiblah of all the Prophets.
• Follow this direction wherever you are. It’s the universal Qiblah for all
• Believers will be tried but they should be firm and steadfast and must face the trials with patience and prayers.
• Allah’s signs and His bounties are everywhere.  The polytheists and idolaters are misplacing their loyalties.
• Believers should eat good and permissible food and should never follow the steps of the devil.
• True piety and righteousness. Some rules related to the punishment of murderers.  The rules of bequests.
• Fasting and Ramadan: the objective of fasting and some rules.
• Rules of Hajj, fighting those who expelled Muslims from their homes.
• No fighting during Hajj, rather seek God’s bounty when you return from Hajj. 
• Appreciate God’s bounties.  All human beings were originally one community.  Divisions came later.  Be generous and defend yourself and your faith. 
• Some important questions answered: War in the sacred months, wine and gambling, charity, orphans’ money, divorced women and their situation.
• UP to 31. The laws of divorce as well as the rules on remarriage for divorced women or widows.
• Fighting in the cause of God: two examples from history - Israelites under the leadership of Prophet Moses – peace be upon him. 
• Under the leadership of Prophet David – peace be upon him - the victory came over the forces of Goliath. (Elaborate slightly if time)
• Emphasis on charity. Everything belongs to Allah. His Throne extends to heaven and earth. No compulsion in religion. Allah brings out people from darkness unto light. This section contains Ayat-ul-Kursi.
• Allah’s power over to give life and cause death. One example is Prophet Ibrahim’s dialogue with Namrood, a man to whom Allah had given a kingdom. Prophet Ibrahim told this man that “My Rabb has the power to give life and cause death.” The man foolishly replied that he also has that power. So Prophet Ibrahim tells the man that Allah causes the sun to rise from the east. Why don’t you make it rise from the West? So the unbeliever was confounded.  SubhanAllah.
• Allah blesses charity; some examples of how Allah blesses charity
• Emphasis on charity: spend good things, give openly and secretly to the poor and needy.
• Prohibition of usury (riba) and its bad effects on individuals and society
• Some rules on loan transactions.
• Conclusion and prayer: Everything in the heaven and earth belong to Allah, the prayer of the believers.